Fixed Navigation Bar - CSS Tutorial

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Fixed Navigation - Example</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    <script src="script.js" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="navbar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation">
        <div class="navbar-brand">
            <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="logo">TUTORIAL</a>
        </div>

        <button class="menu-toggle" aria-label="Open menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary-menu">
            <span class="hamburger"></span>
        </button>
        
        <div class="nav-links" id="primary-menu">
            <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="active" aria-current="page">Home</a>
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">Demo 01</a>
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">Demo 02</a>
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">Demo 03</a>
            <a href="javascript:void(0)">Demo 04</a>
        </div>
    
        <div class="search-box" role="search">
            <label for="search">Search</label>
            <input id="search" type="search" placeholder="Search..." name="search">
        </div>
    </nav>
    
    <div class="container">
        <h1>Welcome to the CSS Tutorial</h1>
        <p>Scroll down the page. Observe how the navigation bar remains fixed at the top of the screen while the 
        content smoothly slides underneath it.</p>
        
        <div class="demo-content">
            <h2>Section 1</h2>
            <p>This is a demonstration section to show the functionality of the fixed navigation bar. Thanks to the 
            semi-transparent background of the bar, the scrolling effect is even more noticeable.</p>
        </div>
        
        <div class="demo-content">
            <h2>Section 2</h2>
            <p>The navigation bar stays fixed while scrolling through the page. This allows users to navigate quickly 
            regardless of where they are currently located on the page.</p>
        </div>
    </div> 
</body>
</html>

:root {
    --navbar-bg: var(--card, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85));
    --navbar-color: var(--fg, #1e293b);
    --navbar-hover: var(--accent, #007bff);
    --shadow: var(--shadow, 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05));
    --border-color: var(--border, #e2e8f0);
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

body {
    min-height: 100vh;
    padding-top: 70px; /* Adjusted to fit the new bar height */
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    background-color: var(--bg, #f8fafc);
    color: var(--fg, #1e293b);
}

.navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 70px;
    background-color: var(--navbar-bg);
    /* Modern Glassmorphism effect (background blur during scrolling) */
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 0 30px;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.logo {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--navbar-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    padding: 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 1001;
}

.hamburger {
    display: block;
    width: 22px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--navbar-color);
    position: relative;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.hamburger::before,
.hamburger::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--navbar-color);
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.hamburger::before { top: -6px; }
.hamburger::after { bottom: -6px; }

/* Hamburger icon animation on click */
.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger {
    background: transparent;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger::before {
    transform: rotate(45deg);
    top: 0;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger::after {
    transform: rotate(-45deg);
    bottom: 0;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-links a {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
    color: var(--navbar-color);
    opacity: 0.8;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a:focus,
.nav-links a.active {
    color: var(--navbar-hover);
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Elegant animated line under the active link */
.nav-links a::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 1rem;
    right: 1rem;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--navbar-hover);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.nav-links a.active::after,
.nav-links a:hover::after {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.search-box {
    position: relative;
    width: 220px;
}

.search-box label {
    position: absolute;
    left: -9999px;
}

.search-box input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    background: var(--bg, #f1f3f5);
    color: var(--fg);
    border-radius: 20px; /* Modern rounded search input */
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-box input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--navbar-hover);
    background: var(--card, #ffffff);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 112, 243, 0.15);
}

.container {
    margin: 2rem auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    max-width: 900px;
    min-height: 150vh; /* Provides enough scrolling room */
}

.container h1 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.container p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    opacity: 0.8;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.demo-content {
    margin: 3rem 0;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.demo-content h2 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .navbar { padding: 0 20px; height: 60px; }
    body { padding-top: 60px; }
    .menu-toggle { display: block; }
    
    .nav-links {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 60px;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--card, #ffffff);
        padding: 1.5rem;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
        box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    }
    
    .nav-links.is-active { display: flex; }
    .nav-links a { width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0.8rem; }
    .nav-links a::after { display: none; } /* Disable underline animations on mobile screens */
    
    .search-box { display: none; } /* Hide on tablets/mobile devices for a cleaner look */
}

document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
    const toggleBtn = document.querySelector(".menu-toggle");
    const navigationLinks = document.querySelector(".nav-links");

    if (toggleBtn && navigationLinks) {
        toggleBtn.addEventListener("click", function() {
            const isExpanded = toggleBtn.getAttribute("aria-expanded") === "true";
            toggleBtn.setAttribute("aria-expanded", !isExpanded);
            navigationLinks.classList.toggle("is-active");
        });
    }

    // Handle active link changes upon click events
    const allLinks = document.querySelectorAll(".nav-links a");
    allLinks.forEach(link => {
        link.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
            
            // Remove active class from all links and assign it to the clicked item
            allLinks.forEach(l => l.classList.remove("active"));
            this.classList.add("active");

            // Collapse the mobile menu layout if it is currently open
            if (navigationLinks.classList.contains("is-active")) {
                navigationLinks.classList.remove("is-active");
                toggleBtn.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "false");
            }
        });
    });
});

Fixed Navigation Bar - CSS Tutorial

How It Works